Children’s Motor Learning and Working Memory: The Role of Visual and Verbal Analogy Learning

Abstract Introduction. Physical education teachers and coaches often face the problem of how to convey information novice learners, particularly children. The present study aims examine visual verbal analogy learning affects basketball free-throw as well working memory in 9- 12-year-old Material Methods. Forty-eight children (24 males, mean age: 10.5 ± 1.8 years) were selected through convenience sampling randomly assigned four groups, namely analogy, explicit, control groups. task involved throwing a from distance 3.05 meters. participants completed 15 trials pretest, posttest, retention phases 720 acquisition phase. Results. result paired sample t-test indicated that explicit groups experienced significant improvement their performance skill phase an memories (p ≤ 0.05), while group did not exhibit such improvements = 0.91). In addition, one-way analysis covariance (ANCOVA) showed outperformed other both post-test tests terms motor 0.05). Conclusions. equally better than group. findings this suggest instructional environments should make further use advantages for